Richardson et al. 2024. Autumnal photosynthesis duration varies amongst native and invasive maples in urban and forest environments
By Indi-Anna Richardson (primary author), Senna Levy, Maura Vanderputten, Dr. Hanna Makowski*, Dr. Allyson Jackson
*2024 guest lecturer, postdoctoral researcher at Black Rock Forest and Advanced Science Research Center at CUNY
Abstract
This study investigated the phenological patterns of Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, and Acer platanoides in urban and forest environments. Based on observation of leaf coloration and senescence, we analyzed the impact of microenvironments, species, and diameter at breast height on the timing and duration of the phenological processes. We collected data daily from October 10th, 2024 through November 20th, 2024 using bins to signify different phenological stages. We found that native Acer rubrum trees in an urban environment displayed the fastest rate of leaf senescence, likely due to the urban heat island effect. Native Acer saccharum trees in a forest environment maintained foliage longer than their urban counterparts. Invasive Acer platanoides trees exhibited the largest variability in phenological timing, however they showed delayed senescence compared to their native counterparts. We also observed a positive correlation between diameter at breast height and delayed senescence across all species, suggesting that larger trees may have prolonged photosynthetic periods. These findings emphasize the impact of microclimates and tree size on phenological patterns and the competitive advantage of invasive species. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for the management of native and invasive species in a world of rapid global change with shifting environmental conditions.